CANAL
A canal is an artificial channel, generally
trapezoidal in shape constructed on the ground to carry water to the fields
either from the river or from a tank or reservoir
Type of Irrigation Channels
The hydraulic design of a channel or irrigation canal
is governed mainly by two factors:
i)quantity of silt in the water carried by the channel
and
ii)type of boundary surface of the channel.
Based on these, we may have three types of channels
1)alluvial channels
2)Non-alluvial channels
3)Rigid boundary channels or lined channels
Lined channels:
An impermeable layer is
provided at the bed and sides of canal to improve the life and discharge
capacity of canal known as canal lining. Generally seepage can result in losses
of 30 – 40 % of irrigation water in canals, so we can reduce the effect of
seepage by providing lining to the canal.
Types of canal linings:
Mainly there are two
types of canal linings:
1. Earthen type lining
2. Hard surface lining
DESIGN OR LINED CANAL
Two type of lined
canal
i)triangular shaped or
curved channel
ii)trapezoidal shaped
or flat bottom shaped channel.
The side slopes are so
selected that is nearly equal to the angle of response of the soil so that no
earth pressure is imposed on the lining
ii)Trapezoidal channel
section
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